For guidance on following the DEWS II report‘s recommendations for managing and treating dry eye, have a look at these instructional videos from the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society:
Assessing the tear film: visualizing and estimating lipid layer thickness:
Diagnosing ocular surface damage: slit lamp examination with sodium fluorescein and lissamine green ophthalmic dyes:
Assessing tear volume: tear meniscus height, Schirmer test and phenol red thread test:
Evaluating tear film osmolarity: tear meniscus region:
Assessing ocular surface inflammation: point-of-care test for MMP-9:
Assessing the palpebral conjunctiva: upper and lower eyelid eversion:
Evaluating the eyelids and lid margins, diagnostic meibomian gland evaluation and meibography:
Impression cytology: collecting superficial epithelial cells from the bulbar conjunctiva:
Assessing tear film stability: calculating tear film break up time (invasive and non-invasive):
Managing meibomian gland dysfuction: expressing the meibomian glands:
Managing meibomian gland dysfunction: Applying heat to the eyelids
Managing aqueous tear deficiency: punctal occlusion
Cleansing the eyelids with lid wipes
Debriding (removing) keratinised tissue along the exposed lid margin to encourage release of meibum from the meibomian gland orifices into the tear film
